Eucomis Circle (Cascadia Garden)

 Eucomis Circle August 2008

 Eucomis comosa October 2009

The stone circle was laid with the Rock Garden in 1994. Armeria maritima (Thrift) grew well there for 13 years. I envisioned a new design after I became excited about Eucomis (Pineapple Lily) in 2006. I planted in March of 2007. The circle is 3 feet across. It contains 21 Eucomis bulbs. Taller E comosa & bicolor  fill the north half, shorter E autumnalis & E zambesiaca fill the south. Flower color ranges from white through pink to dark red. ‘Oakhurst’ has dark red foliage.  Update summer 2010: E autumnalis & E zambesiaca died out, probably due to winter temperatures too low for them to tolerate.  E bicolor & E 'Oakhurst' persist, but have never bloomed.

Eucomis Circle Plant List

Eucomis autumnalis

Eucomis bicolor

Eucomis comosa ‘Can Can’

Eucomis comosa ‘Oakhurst’

Eucomis comosa ‘Tugela Jade’

Eucomis comosa ‘Tugela Ruby’

Eucomis zambesiaca

 Original plan February 2007

Shrubs for Sun

Viburnum sargentii 'Onondaga' May 2009

Weigela florida 'Variegata' August 2008

Arctostaphylos columbiana April 2009

Juniperus chinensis December 2009

Hydrangea paniculata June 2009

These shrubs for sun are all good plants for gardens in Seattle, the Pacific Northwest & USDA Zone 8. They have good form, lovely flowers, colorful foliage & other characteristics that endear them to many gardeners. Some of these shrubs tolerate dryness, others are xeric plants that prefer well-drained soil. Most of these should be fairly easy to find. When local nurseries fail, try mail-order nurseries.  Forest Farm is a good source for uncommon plants.  This list is not meant to provide detailed information on shrubs, but to introduce you to some you may not know, or remind you of those you have forgotten.  Be sure you know how large these shrubs grow before you plant them.  Many shrubs do not look good when sheared or heavily pruned.  An abundance of detailed information is available on the web.  Good reference books on shrubs are The Hillier Gardener's Guide to Trees & Shrubs edited by John Kelly, Shrubs by Roger Phillips & Martyn Rix, Sunset Western Garden Book.

Abelia chinensis (Chinese Abelia) Abelia 'Edward Goucher', Abelia x grandiflora (Glossy Abelia): tolerates some dryness, showy fall bloom, allow enough room, can be unattractive when pruned, will grow in part shade
Abeliophyllum distichum (White Forsythia): fragrant winter bloom
Abies balsamea 'Nana' (Dwarf Balsam Fir) Abies concolor 'Compacta' (Dwarf White Fir): dwarf evergreen conifers with good form 
Acer palmatum 'Dissectum' (Laceleaf Japanese Maple): several cultivars, grows slowly, but can become quite large

Arbutus unedo ‘Compacta’ (Compact Strawberry Tree): xeric, fall fruit & bloom

Arctostaphylos columbiana (Hairy Manzanita) Arctostaphylos densiflora (Vine Hill Manzanita): xeric, good structure, nice bark

Berberis darwinii (Darwin's Barberry): showy bloom, evergreen, Berberis thunbergii 'Aurea' (Golden Japanese Barberry) Berberis thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy', Berberis thunbergii 'Helmond Pillar', Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow', Berberis thunbergii 'Royal Cloak' (Red Japanese Barberries): good foliage color, barbs a problem only when pruning, wear thick gloves
Callicarpa bodinieri 'Profusion' (Beautyberry): beautiful fruit, not such a beautiful form, can become large, does not look good when pruned

Callistemon pallidus, Callistemon rigidus, Callistemon sieberi, Callistemon subulatus, Callistemon viridiflorus (Bottlebrush): showy bloom, very uncommon in Seattle

Calluna vulgaris (Heather): many cultivars, showy bloom, good foliage color
Caryopteris x clandonensis (Bluebeard): several cultivars, showy bloom

Ceanothus impressus 'Vandenberg' (Santa Barbara Mountain Lilac) Ceanothus thyrsiflorus 'Victoria' aka 'Skylark' (Blue Blossom): xeric, showy bloom, not long-lived, these 2 are the most commonly grown in Seattle, others may suffer frost damage
Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca Pendula' (Weeping Atlas Cedar): blue foliage, interesting form, may need staking when young, can spread widely, but takes well to pruning
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Blue Surprise', Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Ellwoodii' (Dwarf Port Orford Cedar): & other cultivars with slender, upright form, Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Nana Gracilis’, Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Nana Lutea’ (Dwarf Hinoki Cypress): & other cultivars, good form
Chimonanthus praecox (Wintersweet): fragrant winter bloom

Choisya ternata (Mexican Orange): fragrant

Cistus x hybridus (White Rockrose) Cistus ladanifer (Crimson Spot Rockrose) Cistus x purpureus (Orchid Rockrose): & many other species, xeric, long period of showy bloom, short-lived
Cotinus coggygria (Smoke Bush): tolerates dryness, beautiful foliage & flowers, but often an awkward form
Daboecia cantabrica (Irish Heath): tolerates dryness, long period of bloom
Daphniphyllum macropodum: nice form, evergreen, unusual almost tropical appearance
Deutzia x elegantissima, Deutzia gracilis (Slender Deutzia) Deutzia x hybrida (Hybrid Deutzia) Deutzia x rosea (Pink Deutzia): needs moisture, beautiful bloom, lovely arching form, give it room to spread
Dorycnium hirsutum (Hairy Canary Clover): xeric, small shrub of Mediterranean origin

Elaeagnus x ebbingei 'Gilt Edge' (Ebbinge's Silverberry): thornless, colorful foliage, Elaeagnus pungens 'Variegata' (Thorny Silverberry): & other cultivars, colorful foliage

Erica arborea 'Estrella Gold', Erica australis, Erica carnea, Erica x darleyensis (Heath): & many other species & cultivars, showy bloom, often in winter
Escallonia 'Apple Blossom', Escallonia rubra (Escallonia): & many other cultivars, tolerates dryness, showy mass of flowers
Euonymus alatus (Burning Bush): colorful fall foliage, Euonymus japonicus (Japanese Euonymus): many cultivars with colorful evergreen foliage
Exochorda x macrantha 'The Bride', Exochorda racemosa (Pearl Bush): beautiful but huge, does not take well to pruning, needs moisture

Forsythia:  showy late winter/early spring bloom

Hebe buxifolia, Hebe ochracea, Hebe 'Red Edge', Hebe topiaria: good foliage color, evergreen
Hibiscus syriacus (Rose of Sharon): several cultivars, showy bloom
Holodiscus discolor (Ocean Spray): xeric, showy bloom

Hydrangea arborescens, Hydrangea aspera, Hydrangea macrophylla, Hydrangea paniculata, Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf Hydrangea) Hydrangea serrata: showy bloom, fall color, beautiful plants

Hypericum androsaemum 'Albury Purple', Hypericum 'Hidcote', Hypericum x inodorum (St John's Wort): showy bloom, some with colored foliage

Juniperus chinensis 'Torulosa' (Hollywood Juniper) Juniperus chinensis 'Blue Point', Juniperus communis 'Compressa' (Dwarf Irish Juniper) Juniperus communis 'Hibernica' (Irish Juniper) Juniperus squamata 'Loderi': tolerates dryness, good form, evergreen, tough
Lavandula angustifolia (English Lavender) Lavandula dentata (French Lavander)  Lavandula stoechas (Spanish Lavender): xeric, fragrant
Lavatera thuringiaca (Tree Mallow): showy bloom, grows quickly, but short-lived
Lithocarpus densiflorus var. echinoides (Dwarf Tanoak): evergreen, uncommon
Lupinus arboreus (Tree Lupine): xeric, very showy bloom, fragrant, short-lived
Magnolia 'Ann', Magnolia 'Betty', Magnolia 'Jane', Magnolia 'Judy', Magnolia liliiflora, Magnolia x loebneri 'Leonard Messel', Magnolia 'Pinkie', Magnolia 'Randy', Magnolia 'Ricki', Magnolia sinensis, Magnolia stellata (Star Magnolia) Magnolia 'Susan', Magnolia x thompsoniana, Magnolia wilsonii: beautiful flowers, these slowly become large shrubs 
Myrtus communis (Common Myrtle): glossy leaves, striking appearance, evergreen
Olearia x haastii, Olearia x mollis: showy bloom, good foliage color
Neillia affinis, Neillia sinensis: showy bloom, good form, uncommon
Osmanthus x burkwoodii: evergreen, fragrant bloom, Osmanthus delavayi: evergreen, fragrant bloom, Osmanthus heterophyllus 'Goshiki': & other cultivars, colorful evergreen foliage

Paeonia suffruticosa: very showy bloom, needs staking, very long-lived
Penstemon pinifolius (Pineleaf Beardtongue): xeric, showy bloom, evergreen
Pernettya mucronata: colorful fruit, several cultivars
Philadelphus coronarius (Common Mock Orange) Philadelphus lewisii (Western Mock Orange): tolerates dryness, showy fragrant bloom
Phlomis fruticosa, Phlomis italica, Phlomis ‘Edward Bowles’ (Jerusalem Sage): xeric, good foliage color & texture
Physocarpus capitatus (Western Ninebark): tolerates dryness, attractive flowers & fruit, Physocarpus opulifolius 'Dart's Gold', Physocarpus opulifolius 'Diabolo' (Eastern Ninebark): colorful foliage, attractive flowers & fruit
Picea abies 'Inversa' (Weeping Norway Spruce) Picea abies 'Nidiformis' (Nest Spruce) Picea glauca var. albertiana 'Conica' (Dwarf Alberta Spruce) Picea pungens 'Procumbens' (Creeping Colorado Spruce): dwarf evergreen conifers with good form
Pieris japonica (Lily of the Valley Shrub): many cultivars with showy, fragrant bloom, also grows in shade
Pinus mugo var. pumilio, Pinus mugo 'Valley Cushion' (Mugo Pine): tolerates dryness,  good dwarf forms of a small pine
Podocarpus  nivalis (Alpine Totara): good form & foliage, evergreen
Potentilla fruticosa (Cinquefoil):many cultivars, showy bloom
Rosa rugosa: xeric, fragrant, tough, one of the easiest roses to grow

Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary): xeric, fragrant, culinary herb
Santolina chamaecyparissus (Lavender Cotton): xeric, good foliage color, evergreen
Senecio 'Sunshine' (aka Senecio greyi) Senecio monroi (name changed to Brachyglottis): tolerates dryness, good foliage color

Spiraea japonica (Japanese Spiraea): many cultivars, some with colored foliage, Spiraea prunifolia (Bridalwreath) Spiraea thunbergii, Spiraea trilobata 'Fairy Queen', Spiraea x vanhouttei: showy white flowers

Syringa julianae, Syringa meyeri 'Palibin', Syringa patula 'Miss Kim', Syringa x persica (Persian Lilac) Syringa vulgaris (French Lilac): many cultivars, fragrant, showy bloom
Taxus baccata 'Aurea' (Golden Yew) Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata' (Irish Yew): large, evergreen

Thuja koraiensis (Korean Arborvitae) Thuja occidentalis (Arborvitae) Thuja orientalis (Oriental Arborvitae): good form, evergreen, some with gold foliage
Thujopsis dolobrata 'Nana' (Dwarf Deerhorn Cedar): interesting form & texture
Vaccinium ovatum (Evergreen Huckleberry): tolerates dryness, nice foliage, edible fruit

Viburnum davidii, Viburnum opulus (Cranberry Bush) Viburnum plicatum tomentosum (Doublefile Viburnum) Viburnum sargentii 'Onondaga', Viburnum tinus 'Spring Bouquet': & other species, showy bloom, some with fall color, some evergreen

Weigela coraeensis, Weigela florida: showy bloom

How to Design a Perennial Garden

Perennial Garden

12 Important Pieces of Advice:

1 A small space is best for a perennial garden. Larger spaces need shrubs.

2 Perennials should vary in form & texture. There are many strap-leaved perennials & grasses. Too many together is boring. Put rounded leaves next to spiky ones.

3 Alternate plants of different heights, but not rigidly.

4 Limit colors to avoid chaos. Blend more than contrast. Use blue with purple, yellow with orange, pink with orange & purple, red with purple & blue.

5 Use perennials that bloom in every season. Visit nurseries often to see what is blooming. Read Bloom Times.

6 Buy 2 or more perennials in interesting color combinations when shopping. If you like something, buy more later.

7 Remember that bulbs & grasses are perennials.

8 Use trailers & groundcovers.

9 Consider native perennials, especially in shade.

10 Do not become fixated on the number 3. Everything in triplicate looks highly contrived. Use the numbers 2, 3, 4 & 5 equally. Use 1 sparingly.

11 Understand that good design evolves over many years.

12 Visit open gardens with the Northwest Perennial Alliance, the NPA.

Read How to Make a Garden.

Stony Slope Xeric Garden (Cascadia Garden)

Echinocereus reichenbachii albispinus May 2009

Agave palmeri May 2009

Anthemis biebersteiniana & Campanula carpatica May 2009

Yucca harrimaniae August 2008

Penstemon x mexicali ‘Red Rocks’ June 2009

Sedum dasyphyllum June 2009

The stony slope was made on dry southeast-sloping ground near the southeast edge of the Cascadia Garden. Sandy native soil was retained with low stone walls. Hundreds of stones, mostly small stones found on site over 40 years, nearly covered the soil. Larger stones were purchased & put in place. An inch of gravel was spread over the planting beds & the path between. The 1st planting was begun in late spring of 2004. Because these were arid plants, the planting was done near the end of the rainy season. Bulbs from western & central Asia were planted in October. The garden was explanded by 6 feet in 2006. Arctostaphylos columbiana was planted at the northern end.  Spreading Epilobium & Veronica pectinata took up most of that space.  Echinocereus showed spectacular pink flowers starting in 2007. Yucca whipplei doubled in size each year until it shot up a stalk 8 feet tall with 100s of flowers in 2007, then died.  It was followed by Agave palmeri which produced a flower stalk 15 feet tall in 2009, then died. Although I knew this was their lifestyle, the large holes they left behind were discouraging.  I replaced the Yucca with a small Arctostaphylos ‘White Lanterns.’   I replaced the Agave with Yucca schottii which lives to flower yearly.

Stony Slope Plant List

Shrubs

Arctostaphylos columbiana (Hairy Manzanita)

Arctostaphylos 'White Lanterns'

Helleborus argutifolius (Corsican Hellebore)

Mahonia pinnata ‘Ken Hartman’

Penstemon pinifolius

Woody Lilies

Agave palmeri

Agave parryi huachucensis

Agave toumeyana bella

Nolina parryi

Yucca kanabensis

Yucca harrimaniae

Yucca neomexicana

Yucca schottii

Yucca whipplei

Cactus

Echinocereus reichenbachii albispinus (Claretcup Cactus)

Echinocereus reichenbachii perbellus

Perennials

Acanthus syriacus

Achillea clavennae (Yarrow)

Allium karataviense (Onion)

Allium schubertii

Anthemis biebersteiniana

Campanula carpatica (Carpathian Harebell)

Crocus kotschyanus

Crocus ochroleucus

Cyclamen coum

Digitalis obscura (Foxglove)

Epilobium californicum (California Fuchsia, formerly Zauschneria)

Erigeron glaucus (Beach Aster)

Iris bucharica

Lewisia leeana

Paeonia corsica (Peony, formerly P cambessedesii)

Penstemon x mexicali ‘Red Rocks’ (Beardtongue)

Tritelia ‘Queen Fabiola’

Tulipa orphanidea (Tulip)

Tulipa turkestanica

Tulipa vvedenskyi

Groundcovers & Trailers

Arctostaphylos x media

Epilobium latifolium etteri

Sedum dasyphyllum

Sedum divergens

Sedum grisebachii

Sedum gypsicola

Sedum laxum

Sedum obtusatum

Sedum oregonense

Sedum palmeri

Sedum spathulifolium

Veronica pectinata

How to Use Botanical Latin

You can’t get very far as a gardener without using Botanical Latin. Even names you take for granted (Gladiolus, Nasturtium, Rhododendron) are Latin. It is fun & useful to know the common names of plants. Latin names are essential.

Every plant has at least 2 names; the genus & the species. Sometimes there are additional names for subspecies, varieties & cultivars.

The plural of genus is genera. The plural of species is species. These are abbreviated as sp. for species singular & spp. as species plural. Subspecies is abbreviated as ssp., variety as var.

When writing Botanical Latin, capitalize the genus but not the species, subspecies or variety.

Do not worry about mispronouncing Latin names. Each name is pronounced many ways. Listen to people say a name. Pronounce it the way most do, or the way that sounds most pleasing to you.

It is proper to pronounce latinized surnames (Franklinia, Lobelia, Weigela) as they are in the original language. This is seldom done, for obvious reasons.  How many foreign languages can you correctly pronounce?

Cultivar names are almost always not Latin. This is now a rule for naming cultivars. Some Latin cultivar names (‘Alba’, ‘Nana’, ‘Variegata’) were retained from the past. Cultivar names are capitalized & enclosed in single quotation marks.

Buy a dictionary of Botanical Latin to learn the meaning of plant names & for whom plants were named. You may be surprised to read that many Botanical Latin names are Greek (Iris, Hydrangea, Narcissus).

Recommended Reference Book:

Stearn’s Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners
William T Stearn
Cassell Publishers

The Red Garden

 

Lobelia tupa June 2009

Lilium pardalinum June 2009

 

Heuchera americana ‘Bronze Beacon June 2009

 

Euphorbia amygdaloides ‘Purpurea’ March 2010

Berberis thunbergii ‘Crimson Pygmy’ March 2010

Red is vivid, warm, hot. Here are some plants to redden to your garden with foliage, flowers & fruit. Not many plants have red foliage, even fewer purple. Both are included below.  Red flowers range from tomato to wine. Combine them to create striking effects. Wine-red flowers blend with blue & purple, tomato-red with orange & yellow.  Pink flowers look very nice against red or purple foliage.  Lilium pardalinum (Leopard Lily) is a California native that frows well in the Pacific Northwest.  Lobelia tupa is a xeric Chilean native, probably the biggest Lobelia you have ever seen!  Sinocalycalycanthus raulstonii ‘Hartlage Wine' was named for Richard Hartlage, a director of the Center for Urban Horticulture. See it at the Miller Garden.

Plant List

Small Trees

Acer circinatum (Vine Maple): red fall color

Acer palmatum ‘Bloodgood’ or ‘Garnet’ (Japanese Maple): red foliage

Arbutus unedo (Strawberry Tree): red fruit
Catalpa x erubescens 'Purpurea': purple foliage

Cercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’ (Eastern Redbud): purple foliage

Shrubs

Berberis thunbergii ‘Crimson Pygmy’: red foliage

Callistemon rigidus or subulatus (Bottlebrush): red flowers

Camellia sasanqua ‘Yuletide’: red flowers

Cotinus coggygria 'Royal Purple': purple foliage

Daphniphyllum macropodum: red petioles

Hebe anomala ‘Purpurea Nana’: purple foliage

Hydrangea ‘Lady in Red’: red flowers & purple foliage

Hypericum androsaemum ‘Albury Purple’: purple foliage

Nandina domestica ‘Plum Passion’ (Heavenly Bamboo): purple foliage

Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Diabolo’ (Ninebark): dark reddish foliage

Pieris ‘Forest Flame’: red new foliage

Rhododendron ‘Jean Marie de Montague’: red flowers

x Sinocalycalycanthus raulstonii ‘Hartlage Wine': red flowers

Viburnum sargentii ‘Onondaga’: red new growth & fall color

Weigela florida ‘Java Red’: red foliage & flowers

Perennials: most with red flowers

Achillea ‘Paprika’ or ‘Cerise Queen’ (Yarrow)

Astilbe ‘Fanal’ (Ostrich Plume)

Centranthus ruber (Valerian)

Crocosmia ‘Lucifer’ (Flaming Iris)

Eucomis ‘Oakhurst’ (Pineapple Lily): purple foliage

Euphorbia amygdaloides ‘Purpurea’ (Purple Wood Spurge): red roliage

Gladiolus ‘Atom’

Hemerocallis ‘Cranberry Cove’ or ‘Red Volunteer’ (Daylily)

Hesperaloe parviflora (Red Yucca)

Heuchera americana ‘Bronze Beacon’: purple foliage

Imperata cylindrica ‘Rubra’ (Japanese Blood Grass): red foliage

Knautia macedonica

Kniphofia ‘Nancy’s Red’ (Red Torch LIly)

Ligularia dentata ‘Othello’: purple foliage

Lilium pardalinum (Leopard Lily)

Lobelia tupa

Paeonia ‘America’ or ‘Kansas’ (Peony)

Papaver orientale ‘Brilliant’ (Poppy)

Penstemon pinifolius

Schizostylis coccinea (Crimson Flag)

Sedum ‘Matrona’: purple foliage

Trillium chloropetalum

Tulipa vvedenskyi

Groundcovers & Trailers

Ajuga reptans ‘Bronze Carpet’ (Carpet Bugle): red foliage

Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen): red berries

Sedum ‘Bertram Andersen’: purple foliage

Sedum ‘Vera Jameson’: purple foliage

Sedum spathulifolium ‘Purpureum’: red foliage

Thymus serpyllum ‘Coccineum’ (Red Thyme): red flowers

Dry Shade

Trillium ovatum & Dicentra formosa March 2010

 Ribes sanguineum March 2010

Gaultheria shallon August 2008

Heuchera americana 'Dale's Strain' May 2009

Ajuga reptans & Fragaria vesca April 2009

It can be difficult to find plants for Seattle gardens that will grow well in dry shade. Most shade plants prefer moisture. Plants that tolerate dry shade often grow better in part sun. Most of the plants listed below do better in light or partial shade than in deep shade.  Shade can be lightened by pruning the lower branches off overhanging trees.  It is always wise to plan for dry shade to limit supplemental water use. But it is more realistic to water sparingly during summer, than to expect shade plants to do entirely without water. Many of the plants listed below are Washington native plants.  Gaultheria shallon, Mahonia repens & Vaccinium ovatum are Washington native shrubs that do well in dry shade with no supplemental water. Helleborus x hybridus, Maianthemum dilatatum & Polystichum munitum are plants that grow well in shade with little supplemental water.

Shrubs

Aucuba japonica

Arbutus unedo ‘Compacta’ (Strawberry Tree)

Berberis darwinii (Barberry)

Buxus (Boxwood)

Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Nana Gracilis’ (Dwarf Hinoki Cypress)

Corylus (Hazel)

Elaeagnus pungens (Silverberry)

Euonymus fortunei

Garrya issaquahensis (Silk Tassel)

Gaultheria shallon (Salal)

Ilex cornuta (Chinese Holly)

Kalmia latifolia (Mountain Laurel)

Ligustrum japonicum (Privet)

Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon Grape)

Mahonia nervosa

Mahonia repens

Nandina domestica (Heavenly Bamboo)

Osmanthus delavayi

Paeonia delavayi (Tree Peony)

Paeonia lutea (Tree Peony)

Philadelphus lewisii (Mock Orange)

Prunus ilicifolia (Hollyleaf Cherry)

Rhamnus californica (Coffeeberry)

Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Yeddo Hawthorne)

Ribes sanguineum (Flowering Currant)

Sarcococca ruscifolia (Sweet Box)

Skimmia japonica

Vaccinium ovatum (Evergreen Huckleberry)

Viburnum davidii

Perennials

Achlys triphylla (Vanilla Leaf)

Anemone x hybrida (Japanese Anemone)

Campanula latifolia (Bellflower)

Corydalis lutea

Dicentra formosa (Bleeding Heart)

Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove)

Euphorbia amygdaloides ‘Purpurea’ (Woodspurge)
Euphorbia x martinii

Francoa ramosa (Maiden’s Wreath)

Francoa sonchifolia

Geranium himalayense (Cranesbill)
Geranium 'Johnson's Blue'

Geranium macrorrhizum

Geranium pratense

Helleborus argutifolius (Corsican Hellebore)

Helleborus lividus

Helleborus x hybridus

Helleborus x sternii

Heuchera americana

Heuchera micrantha

Hosta sieboldiana

Iris foetidissima

Iris douglasiana

Liriope muscari (Lily Turf)

Luzula sylvatica (Woodrush)

Muscari (Grape Hyacinth)

Narcissus jonquilla (Jonquil)

Paeonia peregrina (Peony)

Polygonatum commutatum (Solomon’s Seal)

Polygonatum odoratum

Polystichum munitum (Sword Fern)

Smilacina racemosa (False Solomon’s Seal)

Smilacina stellata

Stachys byzantina (Lamb’s Ears)

Tellima grandiflora (Fringe Cup)

Tolmiea menziesii (Piggyback Plant)

Trillium ovatum (Wakerobin)

Vancouveria hexandra

Groundcovers & Trailers

Aegopodium podagraria (Bishop’s Weed)

Ajuga reptans (Carpet Bugle)

Campanula poscharskyana (Serbian Bellflower)

Fragaria vesca (Woodland Strawberry)

Galium odoratum (Sweet Woodruff)

Maianthemum dilatatum (False Lily of the Valley)

Microbiota decussata (Carpet Cypress)

Sedum forsterianum

Sedum spathulifolium

Vinca minor (Dwarf Periwinkle)